29 July 2008

The Alps

As mentioned below, Italy has been pushing up the Alps for some 30 million years. The last of five ice ages, lasting some 110,000 years, played a part in grinding out the peaks and round-bottomed valleys such as the one found near Mount Blanc's village of Chamoix. During the early part of this warmer inter-glacial moment of some 10,000 years, the ice-age glaciers, perhaps four miles thick, are thought to have melted back up the valleys almost to their present levels in less than a thousand years.
Contemplating the immense forces of ice and water employing innumerable rock bits and gravity to scour the Alps into its present shapes over thousands of years brings perspective to one's view of today's landforms and remnant ice fields. For example, on a much smaller scale, Mount Blanc's Mer de Glace glacier still grinds its way down toward the valley below.
As it collects rocky bits it grinds the base rock into a fine rock flour that the melt water carries into the rivers, turning them milky white. The fine rock flour finally settles out in the river's lakes, such as Lake Geneva, where it becomes great clay deposits.
At the other end of the process, up high in the mountain's peaks and cusps, today's glaciers persist, slowly growing and sliding downhill. At times, the movement exceeds the rate of formation, which reveals its dynamics as a crack or bergschrund wherever the movement leaves stationary snow and ice behind.
In the picture below, which shows that crack against the bottom of the rocky slopes, some scale is provided by the human ants on the high glacier.

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